Know how pulmonary circulation differs from systemic circulation, and which side of the heart is involved with each.
Be able to trace blood from the superior and inferior vena cava to the aorta, and know all of the chambers, valves, great vessels, and organs that the blood passes through, and their location.
Be able to trace blood through coronary circulation.
Know which chambers and vessels contain deoxygenated blood and which contain oxygenated blood.
Know the general structure of a heart valve, including the chordae tendonae.
Understand the following heart disorders: valve prolapse, heart murmur, stenosis, angina pectoralis, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis.
Know the properties of cardiac muscle.
Understand the conduction system of the heart, including the role of the SA node, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches and purkinje fibers.
Be able to read an EKG and to recognize the PQRST peaks.
Know what is happening physiologically to cause the above EKG peaks.
Know the meaning of systole and diastole.
Know the meaning of arrhythmia, fibrillation, tachycardia and bradycardia.
Know how to calculate cardiac output and stroke volume, and what the average cardiac output and stroke volume are.
Know what regulates and influences heart rate.
Understand the phenomenon of congestive heart failure, and its cause and symptoms.
Understand the differences between fetal circulation and adult circulation, including the role of the ductus arteriosis and foramen ovale.