Biology 121 study concepts for Chapter 5 and 6 material

Chapter 5-
  1. What are the differences between the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer (hypodermis), and what tissues are they made up of?
  2. What are the role of keratinocytes and melanocytes in the skin?
  3. What are the 5 layers of the epidermis, and what are they each like?
  4. What are the 2 layers of the dermis, and what are they each like?
  5. How do the pigments melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin affect skin color?
  6. How can certain diseases affect skin color?
  7. What is the function of hair, and what is it made up of?
  8. Describe the anatomy of a hair follicle?
  9. What are arrector pili muscles, and what do they do?
  10. What is the difference between vellus hair and terminal hair?
  11. What are some causes of baldness?
  12. What are nails made of, and what is their basic anatomy?
  13. What are the three kinds of sweat glands, what do they secrete, and what is their function?
  14. What are sebaceous glands, what do they secrete, and what is their function?
  15. What are the functions of the integumentary system?
  16. Describe the differences between 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree burns.
  17. What is the rule of 9's, and how do you use it to calculate burn area?
  18. What are the differences between the three types of skin cancers, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma?

Chapter 6-

  1. What are the functions of bone?
  2. How are bones classified according to shape?
  3. What is the difference between cancellous bone and compact bone?
  4. Know the following as it applies to bone gross anatomy: articular cartilage, epiphysis, diaphysis, epiphyseal plate, epiphyseal line, periosteum, endosteum, medullary cavity, diploe.
  5. What do osteoblasts do, and where are they located?
  6. What do osteoclasts do, and where are they located?
  7. What is the difference between red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow? Where are they located?
  8. Know the following as it applies to compact bone microscopic anatomy: Haversian system (osteon), lamellae, haversian canal, volkmann's canal, osteocytes.
  9. What is spongy (cancellous) bone like?
  10. What is the chemical composition of bone?
  11. Describe the process of intramembranous ossification, and know what types of bones are made from the process.
  12. Describe the process of endochondral ossification, and know what types of bones are made from the process.
  13. Describe how bones grow in length, and know the hormone that stimulates this.
  14. Describe appositional growth of bones, and how it is stimulated.
  15. Know how osteoblasts and osteoclasts work and the hormones that stimulate them.
  16. Know the different types of fractures that can occur with bone.
  17. Describe the process of fracture repair.
  18. What are osteoporosis, osteomalacia, rickets, and paget's disease? What causes them?
  19. How can osteoporosis be treated?