1. What are the differences between fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints?

2. What are the differences between synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses?

3. Describe the characteristics of the three fibrous joint types: sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses.

4. Describe the characteristics of the two cartilaginous joint types: synchondroses and symphyses.

5. What is the general gross anatomy of a typical synovial joint?

6. What are bursae and tendon sheaths, and what are their roles?

7. What characteristics contribute to the stability of a synovial joint?

8. Describe what is meant by the following joint movements:

a. gliding movements

b. flexion vs. extension

c. dorsiflexion vs. plantar flexion

d. abduction vs. adduction

e. circumduction

f. rotation

g. supination vs. pronation

h. opposition

i. inversion vs. eversion

j. protraction vs. retraction

k. elevation vs. depression

9. Give the characteristics, and at least one example, of each of the following synovial joint types:

a. plane joints

b. hinge joints

c. pivot joints

d. condyloid joints (also bicondylar joints)

e. saddle joints

f. ball & socket joints

10. Know what is meant by the terms nonaxial, uniaxial, biaxial, and multiaxial joints.

11. Know the structure of the shoulder joint, including the participating bones, articular capsule,

coracohumeral ligament, coracoacromial ligament, biceps tendon, rotator cup, and bursae.

12. Know the structure of the knee joint, including the participating bones and processes, articular

cartilages, lateral and medial meniscus, patellar ligament, fibular and tibial collateral

ligaments, anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, and bursae.

13. Be able to describe the following joint problems: herniated disk, sprain, cartilage tear,

dislocation, bursitis, tendonitis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout.