1. Be able to compare and contrast the differences between skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth

muscle tissue (location? voluntary or involuntary? striated or non-striated?).

2. What are the functions of muscle?

3. What are the general characteristics of a muscle tissue?

4. Know the following with respect to gross muscular anatomy: fasicle, epimysium, perimysium, tendon,

muscle fiber, endomysium.

5. Know the following with respect to microscopic muscular anatomy: myofibril, myofilament, I band,

A band, sarcoplasmic reticulum, T-tubules, actin, myosin

6. Describe the sliding filament theory, and include the roles of myosin, actin, tropomyosin, troponin,

Ca²⁺, and ATP.

7. What is rigor mortis?

8. What is a motor unit?

9. Understand how to read a myogram.

10. Know what a muscle twitch is, including the latent period, period of contraction, and period of

relaxation.

11. Understand the phenomenon of wave summation, treppe, and tetanus, as they relate to muscle contraction.

12. Contrast isotonic and isometric contractions.

13. Describe the four steps that muscles use in order to obtain ATP.

14. What is fatigue?

15. What is oxygen debt?

16. What are factors that contribute to the force of a muscular contraction?

17. What is the difference between slow-twitch muscle and fast-twitch muscle?

18. What is the effect of exercise on muscle anatomy and physiology?

19. What is muscular atrophy, and what causes it?

20. How are smooth muscles different from skeletal muscles in the function and contraction?

1. What is meant by a first class, second class, and third class lever, and what would be an example of

a muscle that exerts effort that would fit each lever type?

2. What is meant by a prime mover, antagonist, synergist, and fixator?

3. What criteria are used in the naming of muscles?

4. What is meant by an origin and an insertion of a muscle?

5. Learn the muscles of the body listed in bold face in laboratory exercise #8, procedure #4. Know their

location, action, origin, and insertion.