Biology 111                                         Name____________________________________________________

Exam #1 Copy A                                By signing my name above, I am attesting that I have neither given

18 September 2007                            nor received unauthorized assistance on this exam.

 

Part A.  Please provide an appropriate definition for each of the following terms.  Make sure that you do not just provide an example without defining the term.  Each completely correct response is worth 2 pts.

 

1.       homeostasis-

 

 

2.       cell theory-

 

 

3.       atomic number-

 

 

4.       anion-

 

 

5.       hydrophobic-

 

 

6.       buffer-

 

 

7.       organic molecule-

 

 

8.       hydroxyl group-

 

 

9.       isomer-

 

 

10.    purine-

 

 

11.    peptide bond-

 

 

12.    condensation reaction-

 

 

13.    monosaccharide-

 

 

14.    endergonic reaction-

 

 

15.    anabolic-

 

 

16.  active site-

 

Part B.  Please select the best answer for each of the following questions.  Each correct response is worth 1 pt.

_____17.  A group of cells with similar structure and function will organize themselves into a(n):

a.       atom

b.       organ

c.        organelle

d.       tissue

e.        molecule

 

_____18.  The discovery of cells is usually credited to ________ who examined cork with one of the first

                microscopes.

a.       Charles Darwin

b.       Robert Hooke

c.        Matthias Schlieden

d.       Theodor Schwann

e.        Alfred Wallace

 

_____19.  Which of the following characteristics does not describe living organisms.

a.       They are organized.

b.       They are homeostatic.

c.        They are made up of cells.

d.       They are closed systems.

e.        They contain DNA.

 

_____20.  Organisms with true nuclei are found in the Domain:

a.       Archaea

b.       Bacteria

c.        Eukarya

d.       All of the above

e.        None of the above

 

_____21.  Classes are subdivided into:

a.       orders

b.       families

c.        kingdoms

d.       domains

e.        phyla

 

_____22.  When many specific observations are used to construct a general statement (like a hypothesis),

                ______ reasoning is used.

                a.  inductive

                b.  deductive

                c.  transductive

                d.  taxonomic

                e.  none of the above

 

_____23.  A particular isotope of nitrogen has a mass number of 15 and an atomic number of 7.  How many

                protons would an atom of this isotope contain?

a.       7

b.       8

c.        15

d.       22

e.        none of the above

 

 

_____24.  How many neutrons would be found in the atom described in the previous question?

a.       7

b.       8

c.        15

d.       22

e.        none of the above

 

 

_____25.  An atom that has gained or lost electrons is termed a(n):

a.       ion

b.       isotope

c.        molecule

d.       compound

e.        isomer

 

_____26.  Carbon has a valence of:

a.       1

b.       2

c.        3

d.       4

e.        none of the above

 

_____27.  Electrons are shared in a(n):

a.       covalent bond

b.       hydrogen bond

c.        ionic bond

d.       van der Waals interaction

e.        none of the above

 

_____28.  Iodine-131 is an isotope of iodine used as a thyroid cancer treatment.  It has a half-life of 8 days.

                If you start out with 1 gram of iodine-131, how much will be left after 16 days?

a.       none

b.       1/4 gram

c.        1/2 gram

d.       1 gram

e.        none of the above

 

_____29.  Which of the following is true about water?

a.       it has a low specific heat

b.       it has a low heat of vaporization

c.        it dissolves nonpolar substances

d.       all of the above

e.        none of the above

 

_____30.  You add sugar to your coffee for breakfast.  Which of the following is the "solvent"?

a.       sugar

b.       coffee before the sugar was added to it

c.        coffee after the sugar was added to it

d.       all of the above

e.        none of the above

 

 

 

 

 

 

_____31.  Lemon juice has a pH of around 2, while tomato juice has a pH of around 4.  Which of the

                following statements is correct?

a.       tomato juice is twice as acidic as lemon juice

b.       lemon juice is twice as acidic as tomato juice

c.        tomato juice is 100X more acidic than lemon juice

d.       lemon juice is 100X more acidic than tomato juice

e.        none of the above

 

_____32.  Which of the following molecules would be considered a hydrocarbon?

a.       CH4

b.       C6H12O6

c.        C2H5OH

d.       All of the above

e.        None of the above

 

_____33.  Both glucose and fructose have the chemical formula C6H12O6, but they have different structural

                arrangements of the elements in the formula.  Hence, glucose and fructose are considered ______

                of each other.

a.       ions

b.       isotopes

c.        isomers

d.       polymers

e.        none of the above

 

_____34.  The functional group shown at right is called a(n):                                              H

a.       amino group                                                                                                 R - N

b.       carbonyl group                                                                                                        H

c.        carboxyl group

d.       hydroxyl group

e.        sulfhydryl group

 

_____35.  If the above functional group is added to a hydrocarbon, it will turn it into a(n):

a.       alcohol

b.       aldehyde

c.        amine

d.       ketone

e.        organic acid

 

_____36.  Which of the following would not be considered an organic molecule?

                a.  C2H5OH

                b.  C2H6

                c.  CO2

                d.  C6H12O6

                e.  all of the above are organic molecules

 

_____37.  Which of the following functional groups would you definitely find in a fatty acid?

                a.  hydroxyl group

                b.  amino group

                c.  sulfhydryl group

                d.  carboxyl group

                e.  carbonyl group

 

 

 

 

_____38.  An enzyme in your digestive tract breaks lactose down into glucose and galactose by adding       H2O.  This enzyme causes:

a.       transmutation

b.       hydrolysis

c.        condensation

d.       peptide formation

e.        none of the above

 

_____39.  A molecule with the formula C5H10O5 would be a(n):

a.       amino acid

b.       carbohydrate

c.        nucleotide

d.       steroid

e.        none of the above

 

_____40.  Which of the following would be an example of a nucleic acid?

a.       glucose

b.       DNA

c.        Glycogen

d.       Cholesterol

e.        None of the above

 

_____41.  Enzymes are considered as a type of:

a.       structural protein

b.       functional protein

c.        steroid

d.       nucleic acid

e.        none of the above

 

_____42.  Alpha helices and pleated sheets are examples of the _____ structure of a protein.

a.       primary

b.       secondary

c.        tertiary

d.       quaternary

e.        none of the above

 

_____43.  In a DNA molecule, the base thymine (T) will match with the base:

a.       adenine (A)

b.       cytosine (C)

c.        guanine (G)

d.       thymine (T)

e.        uracil (U)

 

_____44.  The cell membrane molecule that is partially hydrophilic and partially hydrophobic is the:

                a.  steroid

                b.  pyrimidine

                c.  phospholipid

                d.  enzyme

                e.  none of the above

 

_____45.  When a double-bond is present between two carbons in a fatty acid, the resulting fat molecule is:

                a.  glycogen

                b.  a steroid

                c.  saturated

                d.  unsaturated

                e.  a polysaccharide

_____46.  Glycogen is a:

                a.  fat

                b. steroid

                c. nucleotide

                d. polysaccharide

                e. none of the above

 

_____47.  Which of the following would be considered an anabolic reaction?

a.       the amino acids glycine and lysine are bonded together to form a small peptide

b.       glucose and fructose are bonded together to form sucrose

c.        starch is manufactured in a plant from many small monosaccharides

d.       all of the above

e.        none of the above

 

_____48.  The second law of thermodynamics states that:

a.       the entropy of the universe is increasing (energy is becoming increasingly disorganized)

b.       for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

c.        energy cannot be created nor destroyed

d.       all of the above

e.        none of the above

 

_____49.  Chemical reactions which tend to release more free energy than they require are called:

a.       exergonic reactions

b.       endergonic reactions

c.        isothermic reactions

d.       all of the above

e.        none of the above

f.         

_____50.  Enzymes:

a.       are proteins

b.       catalyze chemical reactions

c.        have active sites that bind with substrates

d.       all of the above

e.        none of the above

 

_____51.  Enzyme activity can be affected by:

a.       pH

b.       temperature

c.        inhibitors

d.       all of the above

e.        none of the above

 

_____52.  Molecule "X" will inhibit an enzyme by binding to its allosteric site.  Molecule "X" is a:

                a.  noncompetitive inhibitor

                b.  competitive inhibitor

                c.  cofactor

                d.  coenzyme

                e.  substrate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Part C.  Please answer the following.

 

53.  Describe the difference between a polar covalent bond and a nonpolar covalent bond.  Give an example of a polar molecule and a nonpolar molecule. (8 pts.)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

54.  What is the difference between an acid and a base?  Give an example of each. (8 pts)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

55.  Describe how ATP works.  You may want to include diagrams in your explanation if you wish. (8 pts.)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

56.  Create your own hypothesis, and devise a simple experiment that could be used to test it! (8 pts.)