Exam #2                                                                                                               Name ______________________________

Biology 111 -- Copy A       (By signing your name above, you attest that you are abiding by the YHC honor

4 October 2007                    code.  You also attest that you will not share any information on this test with

                                                anyone who has not taken it yet.)

Part A.  Please provide an appropriate definition for each of the following terms.  Each completely correct definition is worth 2 pts.

 

1.  nucleolus-

 

 

2.  chloroplast-

 

 

3.  Tay-Sach's disease-

 

 

4.  central vacuole-

 

 

5.  channel protein-

 

 

6.  osmosis-

 

 

7.  pinocytosis-

 

 

8.  integral protein-

 

 

9.  oxidation-

 

 

10.  aerobic cellular respiration-

 

 

11.  cristae-

 

 

12.  photon-

 

 

13.  carotenoids-

 

 

14.  CAM photosynthesis-

 

 

15.  thylakoid membrane-

 

 

16.  stroma-

 

 

Part B.  Please select the best answer for each of the following multiple choice questions.  Each correct response is worth 1 pt.

 

_____17.  Ribosomes are directly involved with the:

a.       manufacturing of ATP

b.       manufacturing of protein

c.        biosynthesis of lipids

d.       all of the above

e.        none of the above

 

_____18.  The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved primarily with:

a.       lipid biosynthesis & transport

b.       protein transport

c.        protein production

d.       digestion of old, worn-out organelles

e.        none of the above

 

_____19.  Cells, such as freshwater protozoa, that live in hypotonic environments will usually possess a __

                which allows them to pump water out of the cell to maintain an osmotic balance.

                a.  central vacuole

                b.  transport vesicle

                c.  contractile vacuole

                d.  golgi apparatus

                e.  none of the above

 

_____20.  Peroxisomes are involved with:

a.       digestion

b.       production of vitamin D

c.        the transport of cellular products, like enzymes, to the outside of the cell

d.       the detoxification of alcohol

e.        none of the above

 

_____21.  Which of the following will not be found in procaryotic cells?

                a.  chloroplasts

                b.  mitochondria

                c.  nucleus

                d.  all of the above will be found in procaryotic cells

                e.  none of the above will be found in procaryotic cells

 

_____22.  Thylakoid membranes will be found in:

                a.  lysosomes

                b.  chloroplasts

                c.  mitochondria

                d.  rough endoplasmic reticulum

                e.  smooth endoplasmic reticulum

 

_____23.  Junctions between cells that allow rapid transport of substances from one cell to the other are

called:

                a.  tight junctions

                b.  gap junctions

                c.  desmosomes

                d.  all of the above

                e.  none of the above

 

 

 

 

_____24.  Most pre-cancerous cells will destroy themselves before they have a chance to become

                cancerous.  Which organelle should cancer researchers focus on to find a solution to this

                problem?

                a.  peroxisomes

                b.  lysosomes

                c.  mitochondria

                d.  chloroplasts

                e.  smooth endoplasmic reticulum

 

_____25.  Which of the following organelles contain its own DNA?

                a.  lysosomes

                b.  rough endoplasmic reticulum

                c.  smooth endoplasmic reticulum

                d.  mitochondria

                e.  ribosomes

 

_____26.  Which of the following will not be a normal component of the cell membrane?

a.       cholesterol

b.       glycoprotein

c.        carrier protein

d.       catalase

e.        phospholipid

 

_____27.  Passive transport which utilizes a channel protein would be called:

a.       a Na/K pump

b.       osmosis

c.        pinocytosis

d.       all of the above

e.        none of the above

 

_____28.  The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane is termed:

a.       facilitated diffusion

b.       phagocytosis

c.        osmosis

d.       receptor-mediated endocytosis

e.        none of the above

 

_____29.  An amoeba is in a freshwater environment, where the concentration of solutes is higher inside of

                the amoeba than outside the amoeba.  This amoeba is in a(n) _______ solution.

a.       isometric

b.       isotonic

c.        hypertonic

d.       hypotonic

e.        none of the above

 

_____30.  A protein pump that creates a charge across a membrane (e.g. the Na/K pump) is called

                a(n):

a.       isotonic pump

b.       pinocytic pump

c.        receptor pump

d.       turgor pump

e.        electrogenic pump

 

 

 

 

_____31.  An amoeba surrounds a food particle with its pseudopodia and engulfs it.  This would be an

                example of:

a.       osmosis

b.       facilitated diffusion

c.        plasmolysis

d.       pinocytosis

e.        phagocytosis

 

_____32.  The "fluid" part of the fluid-mosaic model of the cell membrane is the:

                a.  integral proteins

                b.  phospholipids

                c.  peripheral proteins

                d.  receptors

                e.  none of the above

 

_____33.  PGA has electrons and hydrogens added to it in order to become PGAL.  We can say that PGA

                has been:

a.       fermented

b.       through glycolysis

c.        oxidized

d.       reduced

e.        none of the above

 

_____34.  The main goal of cellular respiration is to:

a.       produce glucose

b.       produce alcohol

c.        produce photons

d.       produce ATP

e.        none of the above

 

_____35.  Aerobic cellular respiration:

a.       converts pyruvate into lactic acid

b.       converts glucose and O2 into CO2 and H2O

c.        converts CO2 and H2O into glucose and O2

d.       all of the above

e.        none of the above

 

_____36.  Glycolysis occurs in the:

a.       thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast

b.       stroma of the chloroplast

c.        cytoplasm

d.       matrix of the mitochondria

e.        cristae of the mitochondria

 

_____37.  In the transition reaction of aerobic cellular respiration:

a.       glucose is converted into 2 pyruvates

b.       2 pyruvates are converted into 2 acetyl CoAs and 2 CO2s

c.        2 acetyl CoAs are converted into 4 CO2s

d.       all of the above

e.        none of the above

 

 

 

 

 

_____38.  Of the 36 ATPs produced through aerobic cellular respiration, how many are produced by

                the Krebs cycle?

a.       none

b.       36

c.        32

d.       2

e.        none of the above

 

_____39.  Oxygen is needed as an input in which process of aerobic cellular respiration?

a.       the electron transport system

b.       glycolysis

c.        the Krebs cycle

d.       all of the above

e.        none of the above

 

_____40.  Each NADred that enters into the electron transport system will result in the production of:

a.       2 ATPs

b.       3 ATPs

c.        5 ATPs

d.       32 ATPs

e.        none of the above

 

_____41.  The primary purpose for oxygen in aerobic cellular respiration is:

a.       to help convert pyruvate into acetyl CoA

b.       to supply electrons to chlorophyll a

c.        to convert glucose into pyruvate

d.       to be the final electron acceptor (i.e. "ground wire") for the electron transport system

e.        none of the above

 

_____42.  In our muscles, pyruvate is converted into ______ during fermentation.

a.       ethanol

b.       CO2

c.        lactate

d.       all of the above

e.        none of the above

 

_____43.  The equation 6CO2 + 12H2O ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2 +6H2O represents:

a.       photosynthesis

b.       aerobic cellular respiration

c.        alcoholic fermentation

d.       lactic acid fermentation

e.        none of the above

 

_____44.  A "particle" of light is called a:

a.       photon

b.       proton

c.        positron

d.       muon

e.        moron

 

_____45.  Which of the following has the least energy and the longest wavelengths?

a.       radio waves

b.       x rays

c.        microwaves

d.       visible light

e.        ultraviolet light

_____46.  Which of the following pigments generates electrons that enter into the cyclic and noncyclic

                electron pathways of photosynthesis directly?

a.       xanthophyll

b.       carotenoids

c.        ferrocyanin

d.       chlorophyll b

e.        chlorophyll a

 

_____47.  The cyclic electron pathway uses electrons to produce ____ via photophosphorylation.

a.       NADP2

b.       ATP

c.        Water

d.       All of the above

e.        None of the above

 

_____48.  Which product of the light-dependent reactions is released into the atmosphere?

a.       CO2

b.       O2

c.        PGAL

d.       All of the above

e.        None of the above

 

_____49.  The overall reason for the light-independent reactions is to:

a.       manufacture ATP

b.       manufacture water

c.        manufacture glucose

d.       all of the above

e.        none of the above

 

_____50.  Another name for the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis is:

a.       glycolysis

b.       the electron transport system

c.        photophosphorylation

d.       the Krebs cycle

e.        the Calvin-Benson cycle

 

_____51.  The primary enzyme involved with CO2 fixation in the light-independent reactions is:

a.       reverse transcriptase

b.       RuBisCO

c.        the Na/K pump

d.       PGAL

e.        none of the above

 

_____52.  In CO2 fixation, 6CO2 combines with _____ in order to form 12 PGA molecules.

a.       12 PGAL

b.       2 pyruvates

c.        2 RuBP

d.       2 acetyl CoA

e.        none of the above

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Part C.  Short answer questions.

 

53.  Describe the appearance and function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and the golgi apparatus. (8 pts)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

54.  Please discuss the difference between simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.  Are these forms of active transport or passive transport?  (8 pts.)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

55.  What are the inputs and outputs of the Krebs cycle?  (8 pts.)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

56.  Show the overall equation for photosynthesis.  Give 2 reasons that photosynthesis is important ecologically.  (8 pts.)