Biology 121 Name_____________________________________
Exam #3
9 November 2005 (Your signature above attests that you adhered to the YHC Honor Code)
Part A. Please provide an appropriate definition for each of the following terms. Each completely correct response is worth 2 pts.
1. ligament-
2. abduction-
3. gomphosis-
4. sprain-
5. isometric contraction-
6. tetanus-
7. perimysium-
8. muscular atrophy-
9. synergist-
10. origin-
11. gastrocnemius-
12. temporalis-
13. peripheral nervous system-
14. axon-
15. multipolar neuron-
16. Schwann cell-
Part B. Please select the best answer to each of the following questions. Each correct response is worth 1 pt.
_____17. Which of the following is a synovial joint?
a. sagittal suture
b. pubic symphysis
c. joint that fits your tooth into your jaw
d. joint between your true ribs and your sternum
e. elbow joint
_____18. A bursa is:
a. a special type of joint found in the carpels.
b. Connective tissue that wraps around tendons thus reducing friction
c. A pad of slippery cartilage used to reduce friction
d. A synarthrotic joint with a short ligament
e. None of the above
_____19. Lifting your toes off the ground while you are standing on your heels would be an example of:
a. extension
b. abduction
c. adduction
d. pronation
e. dorsiflexion
_____20. When the palm is rotated upward (as in the anatomical position), it is called:
a. elevation
b. eversion
c. protraction
d. pronation
e. supination
_____21. Closing your jaw would be an example of:
a. inversion
b. retraction
c. elevation
d. depression
e. none of the above
_____22. The joints between the carpels in the hand, would be examples of _____ joints.
a. plane
b. hinge
c. pivot
d. condyloid
e. none of the above
_____23. The coracoacromial ligament would be a part of the _____ joint.
a. knee
b. elbow
c. shoulder
d. hip
e. none of the above
_____24. Which of the following will not be found in the knee joint?
a. medial meniscus
b. rotator cuff
c. anterior cruciate ligament
d. patellar ligament
e. medial (tibial) collateral ligament
_____25. When uric acid deposits accumulate in joints, the result can be:
a. bursitis
b. gout
c. osteoarthritis
d. rheumatoid arthritis
e. tendonitis
_____26. Cardiac muscle:
a. is striated
b. is involuntary
c. contains intercalated disks
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
_____27. Muscle tissue is not:
a. elastic
b. excitable
c. extensible
d. hematopoietic
e. contractable
_____28. Which one of the following is the smallest muscle component listed?
a. fascicle
b. myofibril
c. muscle fiber
d. actin filament
e. biceps brachii
_____29. What substance is necessary to bind to troponin in order to initiate muscle contraction?
a. sodium
b. ATP
c. Potassium
d. Calcium
e. None of the above
_____30. Muscles will use which of the following ATP sources first?
a. creatine phosphate
b. aerobic cellular respiration
c. anaerobic cellular respiration
d. stored ATP
e. STP
_____31. The period of time between the stimulus and when the muscle begins to contract is called the:
a. period of contraction
b. period of relaxation
c. period of attenuation
d. latent period
e. none of the above
_____32. On the myogram at right, which section represents tetanus?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. A, B, and C
e. None of the above
_____33. Which section represents treppe?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
_____34. A muscle contraction that moves a limb and shortens the muscle fibers would be a(n) ______
contraction.
a. triangular
b. fatiguing
c. isometric
d. isotonic
e. isomerization
_____35. Slow-twitch skeletal muscle:
a. contains much myoglobin.
b. Is primarily found in the lower body
c. Is capable of much endurance
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
For the following questions, refer to the muscle illustrations.
_____36. #36 is pointing to the:
a. temporalis
b. masseter
c. frontalis
d. orbicularis oculi
e. zyomaticus
_____37. #37 is pointing to the:
a. occipitalis
b. platysma
c. sternohyoid
d. sternocleidomastoid
e. trapezius
_____38. #38 is pointing to the:
a. deltoid
b. infraspinatus
c. teres major
d. pectoralis minor
e. pectoralis major
_____39. #39 is pointing to the:
a. serratus anterior
b. intercostals
c. rhomboid major
d. latissimus dorsi
e. rectus abdominus
_____40. #40 is pointing to the:
a. external oblique
b. internal oblique
c. transversus abdominus
d. triceps brachii
e. biceps brachii
_____41. #41 is pointing to the:
a. brachialis
b. brachioradialis
c. pronator teres
d. flexor carpi radialis
e. palmaris longus
_____42. #42 is pointing to the:
a. extensor carpi radialis longus
b. flexor carpi ulnaris
c. extensor carpi ulnaris
d. extensor digitorum
e. iliopsoas
_____43. #43 is pointing to the:
a. pectineus
b. gluteus medius
c. gluteus maximus
d. tensor fasciae latae
e. adductor group
_____44. #44 is pointing to the:
a. gracilis
b. sartorius
c. hamstring group
d. quadriceps group
e. peroneus longus
_____45. #45 is pointing to the:
a. extensor digitorum longus
b. tibialis anterior
c. gastrocnemius
d. soleus
e. none of the above
_____46. The biceps brachii muscle will be involved with the:
a. flexion of the elbow
b. abduction of the shoulder
c. extension of the wrist
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
_____47. The zygomaticus:
a. closes the jaw (elevates the mandible)
b. raises the eyebrows
c. raises the corners of your mouth as if to smile
d. flexes the head forward
e. closes your eyes
_____48. The hamstring group will primarily cause:
a. the flexion of the forearm at the elbow
b. the extension of the forearm at the elbow
c. the extension of the lower leg at the knee
d. the flexion of the lower leg at the knee
e. none of the above
_____49. The quadriceps group (rectus femorus, vastus lateralis and vastus medialis) are involved with:
a. the flexion of the forearm at the elbow
b. the extension of the forearm at the elbow
c. the extension of the lower leg at the knee
d. the flexion of the lower leg at the knee
e. none of the above
_____50. The voluntary motor functions of the body are handled by the _____ nervous system.
a. autonomic
b. parasympathetic
c. somatic
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
_____51. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by:
a. astrocytes
b. ependymal cells
c. oligodendrocytes
d. Schwann cells
e. Neurons
_____52. The part of the neuron that sends messages away from the cell body of the neuron is the:
a. dendrite
b. axon
c. soma
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
_____53. A neuron which has one dendrite and one axon (like those found in the retina of the eye) are
called _____ neurons.
a. unipolar
b. bipolar
c. multipolar
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
_____54. An afferent neuron is one which:
a. is found inside of the central nervous system
b. conducts motor impulses
c. conducts sensory impulses
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
_____55. Multiple sclerosis is:
a. the destruction of muscle tissue
b. the deterioration of ligaments and tendons due to arthritis
c. a virus that uses axonal transport in order to erupt in the genital area
d. the destruction of myelin sheaths around neurons
e. none of the above
_____56. The term action potential refers to:
a. a neuron at rest
b. a neuron that is firing
c. the delivery of nutrients to the neuron by astrocytes
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
_____57. The minimum amount of stimulus required for the firing of a neuron is called the:
a. all or none response
b. neurotransmitter
c. myelin stimulus
d. threshold level
e. none of the above
_____58. A neurotransmitter that is considered a natural pain-killing narcotic is:
a. acetylcholine
b. dopamine
c. serotonin
d. endorphin
e. none of the above
Part C. Short answer
59. Describe three types of joint disorders, and what causes them. (6 pts.)
60. Describe the sliding filament theory of contraction. Include the role of calcium, troponin, tropomysin, actin, myosin, and ATP. (6 pts.)
61. For the following muscles, explain the action of the muscle: (2 pts apiece)
62. Name and describe three neurotransmitters. (6 pts.)