COURSE SYLLABUS FOR HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II
BIOLOGY 122, SPRING 2008
7 JANUARY 2008
INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Paul T. Arnold
OFFICE: Maxwell 105
TELEPHONE: 706-379-5131
E-MAIL: ptarnold@yhc.edu
WEB PAGE: www.yhc.edu – run your
cursor over “academics” then “mathematics & science” and then “biology” on
the purple bar near the top of the page, afterwards, click on “Course web
pages”, and finally on “Biology 122 - Arnold”.
OFFICE HOURS: MWF 8:15 - 8:55 a.m., 11 – 12 noon
TuTh 10 - 12 noon
Other hours by appointment.
CLASS HOURS AND LOCATION: Lecture: 10 - 10:55 a.m. MWF, Maxwell 109
Lab: 8 - 9:55 a.m. Tu, Maxwell 109
COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course attempts to provide an understanding of the cardiovascular, respiratory, lymphatic, immune, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems in the human body. Principles as related to physiology of metabolism, nutrition, body heat regulation, body fluid regulation, human growth and development, and heredity are included. This course is designed primarily for students entering the allied health fields.
COURSE OBJECTIVES: Upon completion of BIO 122, the student should:
1. Have a good understanding of the components of blood, the normal functions of the various components, and diseases that affect their function.
2. Know how to type blood, perform hematocrit analysis, and other basic clinical tests involving blood.
3. Have a good understanding of cardiac anatomy and physiology, as well as diseases that affect cardiac function.
4. Know how ECGs are performed and analyzed, and how heart sounds are auscultated.
5. Have a good understanding of blood vessel anatomy and physiology, and blood vessel disease.
6. Know the location and name of major arteries and veins in the human body.
7. Know how to take blood pressures and pulses, and how to interpret the results of these readings.
8. Have a good understanding of lymphatic anatomy and physiology, as well as diseases that affect lymphatic function.
9. Have a good understanding of nonspecific and specific immunity, as well as diseases that affect the immune system.
10. Know how to perform basic serological tests involving antibody/antigen reactions.
11. Understand the process of vaccination and gamma globulin injection and their effect on specific immunity.
12. Have a good understanding of respiratory anatomy and physiology, as well as diseases that affect respiratory function.
13. Know how to perform basic pulmonary function tests and how to interpret the results of these tests.
14. Have a good understanding of digestive anatomy and physiology, as well as diseases that affect digestive function.
15. Understand the physiology of digestive enzymes and bile, and the conditions which affect their efficiency.
16. Have a good understanding of human nutritional requirements, as well as the effects of nutrient deficiency or toxicity.
17. Have a good understanding of human carbohydrate metabolism and ATP production, as well as the metabolism of fat and protein.
18. Know how to indirectly measure human metabolic rate.
19. Have a good understanding of urinary anatomy and physiology, as well as diseases that affect urinary function.
20. Know how to perform basic urinalysis, and how to interpret results from urinalysis.
21. Understand how body fluid levels, pH, and electrolyte levels are maintained, and diseases that affect the balance of these levels.
22. Have a good understanding of male and female reproductive anatomy and physiology, and diseases that affect the reproductive tract.
23. Have a good understanding of contraceptives, as well as fertility.
24. Have a good understanding of anatomical and physiological aspects of human development and growth, including the processes of labor and birth.
25. Have a basic understanding of the inheritance of human genetic traits.
REQUIRED TEXT:
Marieb, Elaine
N. & Katja Hoehn
2006. Human
Anatomy and Physiology, 7th ed., Benjamin/Cummings Science Publishing,
GRADING PROCEDURES: The points will be tallied as follows:
Points % of Final Grade
3 Unit Lecture Exams (100 pts. each) 300 pts. 13.1% x 3 = 39.2%
1 Final Lecture Exam 150 pts. = 19.6%
1 Lab Practical Midterm Exam 75 pts. = 9.8%
1 Lab Practical Final Exam 75 pts. = 9.8%
13 Lab Write-ups (5 pts. each) 65 pts. 0.7% x 13 = 8.5%
Research Paper 100 pts. = 13.1%
TOTAL 765 pts. 100.0%
Possible 20 pt. journal article reviews +20 pts.
DESCRIPTION OF GRADE COMPONENTS:
UNIT EXAMS -- 100 pts. (13.1% of final grade) each. Approximately 32% of each exam will consist of the definition of terms, while approximately 33% will be composed of matching/multiple choice questions, and approximately 33% will be composed of discussion/short answer type questions.
FINAL EXAM -- 150 pts. (19.6% of final grade). This exam will be structurally similar to a regular exam and will be comprehensive in nature with emphasis on the last unit covered (Usually 50 pts. comprehensive and 100 pts. over the last unit of material).
LAB PRACTICAL MIDTERM EXAM -- 75 pts. (9.8% of final grade). This exam will occur in the last lab period before midterm break and will be comprehensive over the lab material studied during the first half of the semester. Several stations will be set up in the lab, each station with two or more questions. Each student will be given a limited amount of time per station to answer the questions. These questions will be derived from the study objectives listed in each lab handout.
LAB PRACTICAL FINAL EXAM -- 75 pts. (9.8% of final grade). This exam will be structurally the same as the lab midterm exam. This exam will be comprehensive over the lab material studied during the second half of the semester.
LAB WRITE-UPS -- 5 pts. (0.7% of final grade) each. -- Each write-up will be due the following lab period. Information to be included in the write-up will be found in the lab handout given previous to the lab. NEVER COPY ANYONE ELSES WORK!! You also CANNOT TURN IN A REPORT UNLESS YOU ATTENDED THE LAB SESSION!!! These are infractions of the Young Harris College Honor Code and will be prosecuted!
RESEARCH PAPER -- 100 pts. (13.1% of final grade). The student will select a topic from the topic list provided by the instructor. No two students can select the same topic, so you should select your topic as soon as possible! The student must first make up an outline of their paper which they will turn into the instructor at the time indicated on the calendar. The outline will consist of: The title of the paper, a very brief (short paragraph) explanation of what the paper will be about, and an outline of the paper itself (arranged in a typical outline form as in the following example of a fictitious paper entitled "The Behavior of the American Widgeon":
I. Introduction to the American Widgeon
a. Physical description
b. Range
1. Summer
2. Winter
c. Habitat
II. Mating behavior of the American Widgeon
a. . . . . . etc. . . . . .
-----
VI. Summary
Lastly, to be included with the outline is at least two references that you plan to use for your paper. After the outline is submitted to the instructor, the instructor will examine it, make comments, and will turn it back into the student. Based upon comments by the instructor, the student will then begin their construction of their paper.
The paper itself will then be turned in at the deadline shown on the calendar. The paper must follow the following guidelines in order to be accepted:
a. The text of the paper (not including bibliography, illustrations, or title page) must be 4 - 6 full pages, typed, double-spaced, with a one-inch margin, and a font that is no larger than 12 pts. in size.
b. The paper must include a bibliography page. You must have at least four references. At least one of these references must have come from an electronic resource (e.g. legitimate (authoritative) internet sources, on-line journals, CD-rom resources at the library, GALILEO databases, etc.). Also, at least one reference must be non-electronic! Also, half or more of your references should be from sources that are recent (within the last 5 years). The best place to find recent references are periodicals and journals. Make sure you consult various periodical indices at the library (don't be afraid to ask the librarians for help!), and use interlibrary loan if necessary to get the references you need. Use the CBE format for citations and bibliography (consult the library web page or an English text or professor or writing lab tutors for more information on this).
c. Your paper should contain a 200 word or less abstract that is placed at the beginning of the text of the paper (this is included in the above 4 - 6 page count). An abstract is a brief concise summary of the major points of your paper (It is not an introduction, so avoid statements like “My paper will discuss . . .“) Virtually all scientific papers have abstracts which are designed to be read by other scientists in order to see if they wish to read the actual paper content.
d. Your paper should be organized with (after the abstract) an introduction, which introduces the subject to the reader by describing important background information that is necessary for the reader to have an adequate understanding of your subject. It should also contain a conclusion at the end of the text, which should not only briefly summarize, but also should explain why this information was important to the reader or the writer. Good conclusions often contain recommendations of areas that should be further researched scientifically.
e. Your paper needs to be free from grammatical and spelling errors, as well as typographical errors. You should always have someone proofread your paper (select someone who will take the task seriously and who is a good writer). Nothing detracts more from clearly presenting your ideas on paper than careless errors!
f. Avoid plagiarism! When you are using information from another source, always document it
within your paper! If you are directly quoting a source, either use quotation marks (for short passages) or indent and single-space the quote (for longer passages). In either case you must also indicate the source!! Plagiarism will be penalized by a zero grade on the paper, and your name will be submitted to the academic dean for possible future action under the Young Harris College Honor Code.
If your paper follows the above guidelines, and is written in a clear fashion that adequately covers your subject, there is no reason that an "A" cannot be attained. The instructor will count off heavily on "careless" errors that would have been caught by a good proofreading. It is also very important that this paper is your own original work! The instructor is very familiar with paper "banks" that are maintained on campus, as well as those found on the internet. The instructor photocopies pages of each paper turned into him and keeps them on file, and performs other "checks" for plagiarism. If you turn in a paper that is not your own original work, you will receive a zero for your effort (see part “f” above).
JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEWS -- 20 pts. extra credit -- The student will have as an option during the semester to do journal article reviews for extra credit. The student will select journal articles from the following journals: JAMA, New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet, American Nursing Journal, or any other professional journal involved with health (health articles in newspapers, body-building magazines, running magazines, or other popular literature will not be accepted). Each journal article review that you write will be worth 5 extra credit points (with a maximum of 4 articles accepted). Your review should be at least one full page in length and should contain: a) an overall description or summary of the article, b) the reason that this research is beneficial to the medical field or human health, and c) a critique from you pointing out any possible flaws or problems with the article, or any positive qualities of the article. The report should be double-spaced with a one-inch margin, and a font no larger than 12 pts. It does not require an abstract or bibliography, nor do you need to turn in an outline. There will be a deadline to inform the instructor of your chosen articles which will be indicated on the calendar (no two students can use the same article). At this deadline you will submit, in written form to the instructor, the titles of each article you plan to write, and the journal, issue, and page that the article is located. The deadline for the journal reviews themselves is indicated on the calendar. Do not plagiarize!!
GRADING SCALE: TOTAL POINTS EARNED LETTER GRADE
685 - 765 A
609 - 684 B
532 - 608 C
456 - 531 D
455 and below F
Since the student is given the opportunity for extra credit as stated above, and because extra credit questions are given on all lecture exams, the above grading scale will be strictly adhered to in the interest of fairness to all students of this course, present and past.
LATE WORK: Any lab or assignment that is handed in late will be docked one letter grade per day it is late (this includes non-class days -- If an assignment would have received an "A" on Friday, it will receive a "D" if turned in the following Monday).
ELECTRONIC DEVICE POLICY: All electronic devices, including cell phones, must be out of sight and on silent during lectures and exams. Laptop computers may be used, but only for note-taking purposes. If your cell phone must be on because of possible emergency situations, please notify the instructor first! Violation of this policy will result in a loss of extra-credit privileges.
STATEMENT ON CLASSROOM ETIQUETTE: In the interest of your fellow students and out of respect for your instructor, please:
1) be on time. If you must be late, please minimize classroom disturbance when you enter. Remember, many important announcements are made at the beginning of lecture. Students who are habitually late usually miss out on vital instructions and opportunities.
2) don’t leave during lecture, unless it is absolutely necessary. If you know you will have to leave during class, please sit near the door and be discreet while leaving so as not to disturb the other students or your instructor.
3) don’t sharpen pencils or exhibit any other disruptive behavior during lecture (including talking, whispering, etc.) This shows a complete lack of respect for your instructor and for your colleagues, and is very distracting. Always bring a spare pen or pencil in order to avoid the necessity of sharpening during lecture, or simply sharpen pencils before lecture.
4) don’t sleep during lecture. If you are too tired to attend lecture, don’t come!
STATEMENT ON LABORATORY SAFETY: Any behavior that would endanger yourself, others, or laboratory property will result in removal from the lab and possibly the course. Removing any substance from the laboratory without the written permission of the instructor is expressly forbidden and will be treated as theft. Many chemicals and instruments you will use could be dangerous if misused, so please use common sense and respect in your behavior. Some basic rules dictated by law and insurance agencies apply in the lab at all times:
1. NO FOOD or DRINK of any kind (inc. GUM and TOBACCO products)
2. NO SMOKING
3. NO HORSEPLAY
4. NO INTOXICATION
Also, the following rules apply in order to preserve the equipment and the laboratory cleanliness:
5. UNPLUG MICROSCOPES or any other electrical equipment BY PULLING THE PLUG, and NOT BY TUGGING ON THE CORD!
6. PUT ALL TRASH IN TRASH CANS, NOT IN YOUR SINKS OR DRAWERS!
7. ABSOLUTELY NO GRAFFITI ON COLLEGE PROPERTY. Any such graffiti will be regarded as VANDALISM.
8. ALWAYS NOTIFY THE INSTRUCTOR if something does not work, or IF AN INJURY HAS TAKEN PLACE, no matter how small.
9. ALWAYS CLEAN EQUIPMENT or SUPPLIES that you use BEFORE YOU ARE DONE WITH THEM.
10. NEVER LEAVE SLIDES IN THE MICROSCOPE STAGE CLIPS.
ACADEMIC HONESTY: It is expected of all students to uphold the integrity expected from an academic institution. Any cheating or dishonesty in any form will be grounds for failure. This includes, but is not limited to, giving or receiving unauthorized information regarding exams or assignments, copying or allowing copying of any assignment, lab write-up, or test, or plagiarism from copyrighted material. Violators of this policy will receive a “zero” on the assignment involved, AND will have their name and evidence of cheating submitted to the Academic Dean for possible further action according to the Young Harris College Honor Code. I have enforced this policy in the past, and I will continue to do so if the need arises. I will not tolerate cheaters!!!! Please consider the consequences, you will not be given another chance!
MAKE-UP POLICY: You will not be allowed to make up any exam or lab unless:
1. You were very ill at the time of the exam AND you have a legitimate written excuse from the college nurse, counselor or a physician AND you notified me prior to the exam or lab time (via voice mail or phone), or
2. You had a family emergency AND you notified the dean's office or counselor AND you notified me prior to the exam or lab time, or
3. You were on a college-sponsored field-trip or event which required your absence AND you personally notified me of your impending absence at least one week before the event.
If you miss an exam for any other reason than the above, you will receive a zero for an exam grade. If you miss a lab for any other reason than the above, you will receive a zero for the lab. Otherwise, you must make up the exam or lab within 2 days of the missed date. You must initiate this effort!! This will be strictly enforced in the interest of fairness to all students.
CALENDAR
FOR BIOLOGY 122, SPRING 2008
WEEK
#1
7 January 2008 -- Review of Syllabus and Introduction, Overview of Blood
Read: Chapter 17 (Blood)
8 January 2008 Lab -- Laboratory Exercise #1: Blood
9 January 2008 -- Composition and function of Blood, Blood Plasma
11 January 2008 -- Formed Elements, Hemostasis, Transfusion, Blood Tests (Last Day to Drop/Add)
WEEK
#2
14 January 2008 -- Heart Anatomy
Read. Chapter 18 (The Cardiovascular System: The Heart)
15 January 2008 Lab -- Laboratory Exercise #2: Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology, Turn
in Lab #1
Writeup
16 January 2008 -- Coronary Circulation, Properties of Cardiac Muscle
18 January 2008 -- Heart Physiology
WEEK
#3
MLK Jr. Day – No class 21 January
2008
22 January 2008 Lab -- Laboratory Exercise #3: Blood Vessel Anatomy and Physiology, Turn
in Lab
#2
Writeup
23 January 2008 -- Blood Vessel Structure and Function, Begin studying major blood vessels
Read: Chapter 19 (The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels)
25 January 2008 -- Blood Flow, Blood Pressure and Resistance
WEEK
#4
28 January 2008 -- Major Blood Vessels of the Body (Georgia Tuition Equalization Grant Deadline!)
29 January 2008 Lab -- Laboratory Exercise #4: The Lymphatic System, Turn in Lab #3 Writeup
30 January 2008 -- Lecture Exam #1 over Chapters 17 - 19
1 February 2008 -- Lymphatic Vessels
Read. Chapter 20 (The Lymphatic System)
WEEK
#5
4 February 2008 -- Lymph Nodes, Lymphoid Organs
5 February 2008 Lab -- Laboratory Exercise #5: Immunology & Serological Testing, Turn
in Lab #4
Writeup
6 February 2008 -- Nonspecific Immunity
Read. Chapter 21 (The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses)
8 February 2008 -- Antigens, Immune System Cells, Humoral Immune Response
WEEK
#6
11 February 2008 -- Cell-Mediated Immune Response, Immune System Disorders, Developmental
Aspects of the Immune System
12 February 2008 -- Laboratory Exercise #6: Respiratory Anatomy and Physiology, Turn
in Lab #5
Writeup
13 February 2008 -- Respiratory Anatomy, Breathing Mechanics
Read. Chapter 22 (The Respiratory System)
15 February 2008 -- Lecture Exam #2 over
Chapters 20 & 21, Research
Paper Outlines due 5 p.m.!
WEEK
#7
18 February 2008 -- Gas Exchange, Respiratory Gas Transport, Respiratory Control
19 February 2008 Lab -- Lab Practical Midterm Exam,
Turn in Lab #6 Write-up
20 February 2008 -- Effects of Exercise & High Altitude on Respiration, Pulmonary Diseases, Developmental Aspects of Respiration
22 February 2008 -- Digestive System Overview, The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
Read. Chapter 23 (The Digestive System)
WEEK
#8
25 February 2008 -- The Stomach, Small Intestine and Associated Stuctures
26 February 2008 Lab -- Laboratory Exercise #7: Digestive Anatomy & Physiology
27 February 2008 -- The Large Intestine, Chemical Digestion
29 February 2008 -- Nutrient Absorption, Developmental Aspects of the Digestive System
WEEK
#9
3 March 2008 -- Nutrition
Read. Chapter 24 (Nutrition, Metabolism, and Body Temperature Regulation)
4 March 2008 Lab -- Laboratory Exercise #8: Measurement of Metabolic Rate, Turn in
Lab #7
Writeup
5 March 2008 -- Metabolism
7 March 2008 -- Body Energy Balance, Developmental Aspects of Nutrition and Metabolism
SPRING
BREAK!!!!!!!!!!!!
WEEK
#10
17 March 2008 -- Body Temperature Regulation
18 March 2008 Lab -- Laboratory Exercise #9: The Urinary System & Urinalysis, Turn
in Lab #8 Write-up
19 March 2008 -- Kidney Anatomy & Physiology
Read. Chapter 25 (The Urinary System) (Last Day to Withdraw with an Automatic “W”)
GOOD
FRIDAY and EASTER BREAK!!!!!!!!!!!!
WEEK
#11
24 March 2008 -- Urine Formation, Ureters, Urinary Bladder
25 March 2008 Lab -- Laboratory Exercise #10: Body Fluid, Electrolyte, and pH Regulation, Turn
in Lab
#9 Writeup
26 March 2008 -- Urethra, Micturition, Developmental Aspects of the Urinary System
28 March 2008 -- Lecture Exam #3 over Chapters 22 – 25
WEEK
#12
31 March 2008 -- Body Fluid Balance
Read: Chapter 26 (Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance)
1 April 2008 Lab -- Laboratory Exercise #11: Reproductive System, Turn in Lab #10
Writeup
2 April 2008 -- Electrolyte Balance
4 April 2008 -- Acid-Base Balance (Research Papers due 5 p.m.)
WEEK
#13
7 April 2008 -- Male Reproductive Anatomy & Physiology
Read. Chapter 27 (The Reproductive System)
8 April 2008 Lab -- Laboratory Exercise #12: Development, Turn in Lab #11 Writeup
9 April 2008 -- Female Reproductive Anatomy & Physiology
11 April 2008 -- Menstrual Cycle, Sexually Transmitted Diseases
WEEK
#14
14 April 2008 – Fertilization
Read. Chapter 28 (Pregnancy and Human Development)
15 April 2008 Lab -- Laboratory Exercise #13: Heredity, Turn in Lab #12
Write-up
16 April 2008 -- Embryonic Development
18 April 2008 -- Fetal Development, Pregnancy, Extra Credit Journal Article Reviews Approval Deadline, 5 p.m. (This deadline only applies if you are using reference material other than that listed in the syllabus description)
WEEK
#15
21 April 2008 -- Parturition, Events after Birth, Lactation
22 April 2008 Lab -- Lab Practical Final Exam, Turn in Lab #13 Writeup
23 April 2008 -- Genotypes and Phenotypes, Alleles and Genes, Principles of Segregation and
Independent Assortment
Read: Chapter 29 (Heredity)
25 April 2008 -- Nontraditional
Inheritance, Genetic Screening, Counseling, and Therapy, Extra Credit Journal Article Reviews due 5 p.m.
WEEK
#16
28 April 2008 (Monday) -- Final Exam, 10:45 a.m.
HAVE
A GREAT SUMMER!!!!!!!!!!!!
TALLY SHEET (Percentage can be determined by dividing "points earned" by "points possible" and multiplying the result by 100)
EXAMS: PTS.
EARNED PTS.
POSSIBLE
Lecture Exam #1 __________ 100
Lecture Exam #2 __________ 100
Lecture Exam #3 __________ 100
Final Exam __________ 150
Lab Practical Midterm Exam __________ 75
Lab Practical Final Exam __________ 75
LABS:
Write-up #1 __________ 5
Write-up #2 __________ 5
Write-up #3 __________ 5
Write-up #4 __________ 5
Write-up #5 __________ 5
Write-up #6 __________ 5
Write-up #7 __________ 5
Write-up #8 __________ 5
Write-up #9 __________ 5
Write-up #10 __________ 5
Write-up #11 __________ 5
Write-up #12 __________ 5
Write-up #13 __________ 5
Research Paper __________ 100
Extra Credit __________ 0
TOTAL __________ 765
CLASS ATTENDANCE
POLICY
2007-2008
It is the policy of
When a student violates the attendance policy set by the instructor, the instructor notifies in writing both the student and the academic dean that the student has been withdrawn from the course. In cases where excessive absences have been caused by extremely extenuating circumstances--such as personal or family illness or death in the immediate family--a student who has been withdrawn from a course may appeal the decision of the instructor to the academic dean. This appeal must be made on a form obtained from the academic dean. It must be submitted no later than the class day following the day of notification. During the appeal procedure, the student continues to attend meetings of the class in question. The decision of the academic dean is final.
Students have the responsibility of keeping a record of their absences, of removing absences from the class roll on days when they are unavoidably tardy, and of making up all work missed in their absence.
Students who register for a course after the first class meeting should check with the instructor regarding their absences prior to enrollment.
===========================================================================
Instructor: Dr. Paul T. Arnold Course: Biology 122
Semester: Spring 2008 Period: 10 - 10:55 a.m. MWF
Total number of absences allowed in this course: 9
____________ Excused
____________ Unexcused
____________ Tardy arrivals will count as one absence
Additional comments or instructions:
I have found, as an instructor, that there is usually
a direct correlation between attendance and course performance. Hence, it is unwise, and a waste of money, to
cut classes. Laboratories and exams
cannot be made up except under certain circumstances (see earlier in the
syllabus).