Biology 251                                                                          Name_____________________________________

Exam #1                                                                                               By signing my name above, I test that I have neither

5 February 2007                                                                  given nor received unauthorized aid on this exam.

 

Part A.  Please define each of the following terms.  Each completely correct response will be worth 2 pts.

 

1.  microbe-

 

 

2.  Joseph Lister-

 

 

3.  domain-

 

 

4.  refraction-

 

 

5.  bright-field microscopy-

 

 

6.  enriched media-

 

 

7.  ribosome-

 

 

8.  vibrio-

 

 

9.  streptococcus-

 

 

10.  hypha-

 

 

11.  zygospore-

 

 

12.  helminth-

 

 

13.  envelope-

 

 

14.  bacteriophage-

 

 

15.  in vitro culturing-

 

 

16.  helical capsid-

 

 

 

 

Part B.  Please select the best answer to each question.  Each correct response is worth 1 pt.

 

_____17.  A person who studies the body’s defenses against infection would be a(n):

                a.  biotechnologist

                b.  industrial microbiologist

                c.  epidemiologist

                d.  immunologist

                e.  none of the above

 

_____18.  Microbiology is defined as the study of:

                a.  organisms that cause disease

                b.  organisms that are normally need magnification in order to be seen

                c.  life

                d.  nature

                e.  soil ecology

 

_____19.  Which of the following organisms would be considered microbes?

                a.  viruses

                b.  bacteria

                c.  protozoa

                d.  all of the above

                e.  none of the above

 

_____20.  Which of the following microbes is the smallest?

                a.  microbe “A” is 1 millimeter long

                b.  microbe “B” is 972 nanometers long

                c.  microbe “C” is 127 micrometers long

                d.  microbe “D” is 0.1 centimeters long

                e.  microbe “E” is 0.01 centimeters long

 

_____21.  The “father” of antibiotic therapy is:

                a.  Robert Koch

                b.  Joseph Lister

                c.  Louis Pasteur

                d.  John Tyndall

                e.  Paul Ehrlich

 

_____22.  Which of the following would have the most evidence to support it?

                a.  a scientific theory

                b.  a scientific hypothesis

                c.  a scientific principle or law

                d.  all of the above have equal evidentiary support

                e.  none of the above have scientific evidence to support it

 

_____23.  A family is subdivided into:

                a.  orders

                b.  genera

                c.  divisions (phyla)

                d.  domains

                e.  classes

 

 

 

 

 

 

_____24.  You cultured Staphylococcus epidermidis in laboratory two weeks ago.  The name        “epidermidis” is the ______ of the bacterium.

                a.  genus

                b.  order

                c.  family

                d.  phylum

                e.  specific epithet

 

_____25.  The most primitive microbes are thought to be the:

                a.  helminths

                b.  archeaens

                c.  algae

                d.  protozoa

                e.  fungi

 

_____26.  Which group of organisms would be considered prokaryotes?

                a.  bacteria

                b.  fungi

                c. animals

                d. plants

                e. protists

 

_____27.  Hortense has just placed a culture of bacteria into a special chamber that provides the ideal

                conditions for the growth of that bacterium.  Which of the “five I”s is Hortense performing?

                a.  identification

                b.  incubation

                c.  inoculation

                d.  inspection

                e.  isolation

 

_____28.  If the ocular lens of your microscope magnifies 10X and the objective lens you are looking

                through magnifies 10X, then the total magnification of the image is:

                a.  10X

                b.  20X

                c.  100X

                d.  1000X

                e.  none of the above

 

_____29.  Which of the following microscopes has the best resolution?

                a.  Microscope “A” has a resolution of 0.12 micrometers

                b.  Microscope “B” has a resolution of 0.56 micrometers

                c.  Microscope “C” has a resolution of 0.06 micrometers

                d.  Microscope “D” has a resolution of 0.89 micrometers

                e.  All of the above microscopes have equal resolution.

 

_____30.  When light is shone on a specimen from a side angle, the specimen appears brighter than the

                surrounding area.  This is called ______ microscopy.

                a.  fluorescence

                b.  electron

                c.  bright field

                d.  dark field

                e.  phase contrast

 

 

 

 

_____31.  When both primary and counter stains are used in examining a bacterial smear, the procedure is

                called ______ technique.

                a.  a simple stain

                b.  a negative stain

                c.  a bright field stain

                d.  a differential stain

                e.  none of the above

 

_____32.  A method of isolation that uses an inoculation loop (or needle) and one agar plate only, would be

                the _____ method of isolation.

                a.  streak plate

                b.  loop dilution

                c.  gram

                d.  in vivo

                e.  all of the above

 

_____33.  A liquefiable solid media would be:

                a.  a broth

                b.  a potato slice

                c.  a 0.3% agar medium

                d.  a 1.5% agar medium

                e.  none of the above

 

_____34.  Medium “X” contains the following substances:  beef extract, sheep blood, and pineapple            extract.  This is a _______ medium.

                a.  viral

                b.  synthetic

                c.  nonsynthetic

                d.  spiritual

                e.  none of the above

 

_____35.  Streptococcus pyogenes grows best in nutrient agar which has had blood added to it.  The

                resulting medium is called a(n) ______ medium.

                a.  enriched

                b.  general purpose

                c.  differential

                d.  selective

                e.  none of the above

 

_____36.  When you add a small amount of bacteria to a growth medium, you have just performed an:

                a.  identification

                b.  incubation

                c.  inoculation

                d.  inspection

                e.  isolation

 

_____37.  Prokaryotic cells will not contain:

                a.  ribosomes

                b.  granules

                c.  mitochondria

                d.  a nucleoid

                e.  a mesosome

 

 

 

 

_____38.  The “slime layer” that is sometimes found on the exterior surface of bacteria is considered

                the ____ of that bacterium.

                a.  cell wall

                b.  cell membrane

                c.  mesosome

                d.  glycocalyx

                e.  cell pool

 

_____39.  The bacterium at right has a ____ arrangement of flagella.

                a.  amphitrichous

                b.  lophotrichous

                c.  monotrichous

                d.  peritrichous

                e.  none of the above

 

_____40.  The counterstain in the gram staining process is:

                a.  safranin

                b.  crystal violet

                c.  gram’s iodine

                d.  methylene blue

                e.  none of the above

 

_____41.  The bacterium at right has a ____ shape.

                a.  coccus

                b.  bacillus

                c.  spirillum

                d.  vibrio

                e.  none of the above

 

_____42.  The arrangement of the bacteria at right would be a:

                a.  streptococcus

                b.  streptobacillus

                c.  staphylococcus

                d.  pallisade

                e.  diplococcus

 

_____43.  In the Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, the Proteobacteria would contain the:

                a.  gram positive bacteria

                b.  gram negative bacteria

                c.  bacteria with unusual cell walls

                d.  bacteria with no cell walls

                e.  none of the above

 

_____44.  Epidemic typhus is caused by a bacterium that lives part of its life in a louse, and part of its

                life in a human.  It is unculturable on artificial growth media, and is very tiny.  It is a(n):

                a.  chlamydia

                b.  protozoan

                c.  rickettsia

                d.  helminth

                e.  none of the above

 

 

 

 

 

 

_____45.  Endospores are produced by:

                a.  protozoa

                b.  viruses

                c.  helminths

                d.  fungi

                e.  bacteria

 

_____46.  Bacteria may be identified through:

                a.  macroscopic appearance of their colony

                b.  microscopic appearance

                c.  chemical analysis

                d.  genetic analysis

                e.  all of the above

 

_____47.  Chloroplasts are primarily responsible for:

                a.  photosynthesis

                b.  ATP production

                c.  protein synthesis

                d.  protein transport

                e.  manufacturing rRNA

 

_____48.  Fungal cells that are oval in shape and typically unicellular are:

                a.  hyphae

                b.  yeasts

                c.  trophozoites

                d.  all of the above

                e.  none of the above

 

_____49.  The fungal body, usually made up of hyphae, is called the:

                a.  trophozoite

                b.  yeast

                c.  capsid

                d.  cyst

                e.  mycelium

 

_____50.  The division of fungi that produce sexual spores inside a sac are called the:

                a.  Ascomycotina

                b.  Basidiomycotina

                c.  Deuteromycotina

                d.  Oomycotina

                e.  Zygomycotina

 

_____51.  Ringworm is a _______ disease.

                a.  viral

                b.  fungal

                c.  helminth

                d.  protozoan

                e.  none of the above

 

_____52.  Algae:

                a.  are photosynthetic protists

                b.  can cause environmental phenomena like red tides

                c.  are important in aquatic food chains

                d.  all of the above

                e.  none of the above

 

_____53.  An amoeba makes an extension of its cytoplasm in order to move or feed.  Hence, an amoeba

                is motile by means of:

                a.  flagella

                b.  cilia

                c.  pseudopodia

                d.  all of the above

                e.  none of the above

 

_____54.  The protective protein coat of a virus is known as its:

                a.  core

                b.  cyst

                c.  trophozoite

                d.  capsid

                e.  none of the above

 

_____55.  When a phage incorporates its DNA into a bacterium’s genome, its DNA will multiply when the

                bacterium reproduces.  This is called the _____ cycle of multiplication of the virus.

                a.  lytic

                b.  lysogenic

                c.  cystic

                d.  helminthic

                e.  none of the above

 

_____56.  Viruses are cultured by:

                a.  inoculating agar media on petri plates

                b.  inoculating nutrient broth media

                c.  inoculating living cells in tissue culture

                d.  all of the above

                e.  none of the above

 

_____57.  The first step in the viral infection process is:

                a.  assembly

                b.  maturation

                c.  penetration

                d.  adsorption

                e.  release

 

_____58.  Antibiotics should not be used to treat:

                a.  infections caused by gram positive bacteria

                b.  infections caused by gram negative bacteria

                c.  infections caused by viruses

                d.  all of the above should be treated by antibiotics

                e.  none of the above should be treated by antibiotics

 

_____59.  The virus shown at right has a(n) _________ capsid.

                a.  complex

                b.  helical

                c.  icosahedral

                d.  all of the above

                e.  none of the above

 

 

 

 

 

 

_____60.  Gamma globulin injections contain:

                a.  viral particles

                b.  antibodies

                c.  antibiotics

                d.  trophozoites

                e.  none of the above

 

Part C.  Short answer questions. 

 

61, 62 & 63.  Answer three of the following questions.  Correct responses are worth 8 pts.

                a.  Name four people who have made a significant contribution to the study of microbiology, and

                                give a brief explanation of their contributions.

                b.  Describe the difference between general purpose, enriched, selective and differential media.

                c.  Describe the four steps of the gram staining process.  What color would gram-positive and

                                gram-negative bacteria be after each step?

                d.  Describe the life cycle of a specific parasitic protozoan or helminth.

                e.  Describe the difference between the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle of a phage.