Exam #3                                           NAME_________________________________

Biology 251

2 April 2007

 

PART A.  Please provide an appropriate definition for each of the following terms.  Do not just provide an example.  Each correct response is worth 2 pts.

 

1.  serum-

 

 

2.  interferon-

 

 

3.  vaccination-

 

 

4.  antibody titer-

 

 

5.  in vivo serological test-

 

 

6.  atopy-

 

 

7.  autograft-

 

 

8.  contact dermatitis-

 

 

9.  “clean catch“-

 

 

10.  hemolysins-

 

 

11.  scalded skin syndrome-

 

 

12.  streptococcal pharyngitis-

 

 

13.  Neisseria gonorrhoeae-

 

 

14.  alpha-hemolysis-

 

 

15.  impetigo-

 

 

16.  endocarditis-

 

 

 

Part B.  Please select the best answer to each question.  Each correct response is worth 1 pt.

 

_____17.  Your skin and mucous membranes act as:

                a.  your specific immune response

                b.  your first line of nonspecific immunity

                c.  your second line of nonspecific immunity

                d.  your humoral immune response

                e.  your cell mediated immune response

 

_____18.  Markers are usually ________ that help identify a cell.

                a.  lipids

                b.  DNA

                c.  surface proteins

                d.  hormones

                e.  none of the above

 

_____19.  Specific immunity involves the __________.

                a.  neutrophils

                b.  basophils

                c.  erythrocytes

                d.  platelets

                e.  lymphocytes

 

_____20.  Which of the following organs is considered a part of the lymphatic system?

                a.  heart

                b.  small intestine

                c.  spleen

                d.  meninges

                e.  lungs

 

_____21.  Swelling due to vasodilation and lymph leakage is called:

                a.  phagocytosis

                b.  pyrogenesis

                c.  active immunity

                d.  edema

                e.  none of the above

 

_____22.  A group of several plasma proteins involved with enhancing the immune response are called:

                a.  interferon

                b.  pyrogen

                c.  heparin

                d.  histamine

                e.  complement

 

_____23.  Which of the following would be an example of artificial active immunization?

                a.  getting sick from a virus

                b.  antibodies entering a fetus from the placenta

                c.  vaccination

                d.  gammaglobulin injection

                e.  all of the above

 

 

 

 

 

 

_____24.  The collection of genes which code for the markers on the surface of cells is called the:

                a.  ATP

                b.  MHC

                c.  TSS

                d.  IgG

                e.  none of the above

 

_____25.  B-lymphocytes mature in the:

                a.  bone marrow

                b.  bronchi

                c.  bile duct

                d.  thyroid

                e.  thymus

 

_____26.  Antibodies are produced by:

                a.  antigens

                b.  helper T-lymphocytes

                c.  killer T-lymphocytes

                d.  plasma B-lymphocytes

                e.  macrophages

 

_____27.  Which of the following plays a role in the cell-mediated immune response?

                a.  plasma B-lymphocytes

                b.  memory B-lymphocytes

                c.  killer T-lymphocytes

                d.  antibodies

                e.  all of the above

 

_____28.  Interleukin-2 is produced by __________ in order to stimulate B- and T-lymphocyte production.

                a.  macrophages

                b.  memory B-lymphocytes

                c.  killer T-lymphocytes

                d.  helper T-lymphocytes

                e.  plasma B-lymphocytes

 

_____29.  The most important cell in specific immunity, often called the “on switch” of the immune system               is the:

                a.  plasma B-lymphocyte

                b.  killer T-lymphocyte

                c.  helper T-lymphocyte

                d.  memory B-lymphocyte

                e.  none of the above

 

_____30.  Which of the following could be found in a vaccine?

                a.  live, attenuated viruses

                b.  antibodies

                c.  macrophages

                d.  all of the above

                e.  none of the above

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

_____31.  An ELISA test would be an example of a(n):

                a.  toxoid test

                b.  in vivo serological test

                c.  in vitro serological test

                d.  complement fixation test

                e.  none of the above

 

_____32.  Testing in order to determine blood type would be an example of a(n):

                a.  ELISA test

                b.  complement fixation test

                c.  agglutination test

                d.  precipitation test

                e.  none of the above

 

_____33.  The first dose that one receives of an allergin is usually considered to be the ____ dose.

                a.  antibody

                b.  supressing

                c.  provocative

                d.  sensitizing

                e.  none of the above

 

_____34.  Skin tests can be used to detect:

                a.  AIDS

                b.  polio

                c.  tetanus

                d.  influenza

                e.  allergins

 

_____35.  Which of the following can possibly lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn?

                a.  0+ mother with a B+ fetus

                b.  0- mother with a 0+ fetus

                c.  B+ mother with a A- fetus

                d.  all of the above

                e.  none of the above

 

_____36.  Autoimmune disorders:

                a.  afflict more men than women

                b.  include AIDS and SCID

                c.  seem to “run in families”

                d.  all of the above

                e.  none of the above

 

_____37.  Systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) is an example of:

                a.  an autoimmune disease

                b.  a primary immunodeficiency

                c.  a secondary immunodeficiency

                d.  a transfusion reaction

                e.  none of the above

 

_____38.  Which of the following is not an autoimmune disorder?

                a.  systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

                b.  tularemia

                c.  rheumatoid arthritis

                d.  diabetes mellitus

                e.  myasthenia gravis

 

_____39.  Contact dermatitis is a:

                a.  type I allergy

                b.  type II allergy

                c.  type III allergy

                d.  type IV allergy

                e.  none of the above

 

_____40.  Which of the following would be an xenograft?

                a.  A man has a pig valve implanted in his heart.

                b.  A vein is removed from a woman’s leg and is used as a bypass artery in her heart.

                c.  A child receives a kidney from her identical twin.

                d.  A man receives a heart from another unrelated man.

                e.  all of the above

 

_____41.  In agammaglobulinemia:

                a.  B-lymphocytes are defective.

                b.  T-lymphocytes are defective.

                c.  both B- and T-lymphocytes are defective.

                d.  neither B- nor T-lymphocytes are defective.

 

_____42.  A cancer that originates from blood-forming cells would be a:

                a.  carcinoma

                b.  sarcoma

                c.  furuncle

                d.  leukemia

                e.  none of the above

 

_____43.  Cancer may be caused by:

                a.  oncogene activation

                b.  tumor-suppression gene activation

                c.  viral infection

                d.  all of the above

                e.  none of the above

 

_____44.  In collecting a throat specimen for culturing, it is important that:

                a.  the swab be sterile to begin with

                b.  the swab does not touch any of the mouth region

                c.  the specimen collector (doctor, nurse, PA) does not expose themselves to the

                     patient’s throat flora

                d.  all of the above

                e.  none of the above

 

_____45.  What would be a direct test that could be performed on a patient’s specimen?

                a.  gram stain

                b.  acid fast stain

                c.  serological testing

                d.  all of the above

                e.  none of the above

 

_____46.  Staphylococcus bacteria:

                a.  are gram +

                b.  tend to form clumped colonies

                c.  do not produce endospores

                d.  all of the above

                e.  none of the above

 

_____47.  Staphylococcus aureus strains produce:

                a.  hemolysins

                b.  enterotoxins

                c.  exfoliative toxins

                d.  toxic shock toxins

                e.  all of the above

 

_____48.  Staphylococcus aureus:

                a.  are usually resistant to penicillin

                b.  are resistant to drying

                c.  can withstand extremes in temperature and pH

                d.  all of the above

                e.  none of the above

 

_____49.  Which of the following is not a Staphylococcus aureus-associated disease?

                a.  toxic shock syndrome

                b.  diphtheria

                c.  scalded skin syndrome

                d.  impetigo

                e.  abscess

 

_____50.  Penicillin is not usually effective against:

                a.  strep throat

                b.  gonorrhea

                c.  staph infections

                d.  penecillin is effective against all of the above

                e.  penecillin is not effective against any of the above

 

_____51.  Good prevention of nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus infections involves:

                a.  proper wound cleansing

                b.  frequent hand-washing, especially between patients

                c.  proper disposal of wound dressings

                d.  all of the above

                e.  none of the above

 

_____52.  The genus Streptococcus contain bacteria that:

                a.  are gram +

                b.  are cocci

                c.  produce colonies that are in chains or diplococci

                d.  all of the above

                e.  none of the above

 

_____53.  Streptococci that are b-hemolytic:

                a.  do not hemolyze blood at all on a blood agar plate

                b.  produce greenish halos on a blood agar plate

                c.  produce clear halos on a blood agar plate

                d.  all of the above

                e.  none of the above

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Match the following bacteria with the disease that it causes or the description. 

 

a.  alpha-hemolytic streptococci (viridins)      e.  Staphylococcus aureus                 i. Bacillus anthracis

b.  Enterococcus faecalis                                  f.  Streptococcus agalactae              j. Bacillus cereus

c.  Neisseria gonorrhoeae                                 g.  Streptococcus pneumoniae          k. Clostridium botulinum

d.  Neisseria meningitidis                                  h.  Streptococcus pyogenes               l.  Clostridium difficile

                                                                                                                                                m.Clostridium perfringens

                                                                                                                                                n. Clostridium tetani

(These bacterial species may be used more than once.)

 

_____54.  scarlet fever

 

_____55.  Most bacterial pneumonia cases, also childhood ear infections and occasional meningitis.

 

_____56.  A common sexually transmitted disease.

 

_____57.  Epidemic meningitis.

 

_____58.  strep throat

 

_____59.  Food intoxication

 

_____60.  toxic shock syndrome

 

_____61.  gas gangrene

 

_____62.  Dental caries

 

_____63.  leaves a “green” halo on a blood agar plate

 

_____64.  Severe strep infection of the newborn, causing sepsis, pneumonia and meningitis.  Acquired         from the birth canal of the mother.

 

_____65.  carbuncles and furuncles

 

_____66. anthrax

 

Part C.  Short Answer.  6 pts apiece.

 

67, 68 & 69.  Answer three of the following questions:

                a.  Distinguish between active and passive immunity, and also between naturally and artificially

                                acquired immunity.

                b.  Describe the process of clonal selection, expansion, and antibody production by B-lymphocytes                               in the humoral immune response.

                c.  Describe how the ELISA test works.

                d.  Describe 3 autoimmune diseases.

                e.  Discuss 3 infections caused by either the genus Bacillus or Clostridium

                f.  Discuss 3 infections or complications caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.

 

Answer a fourth question for 5 pts. extra credit (Make sure you show which question you are designating as extra credit.