Biology 111 Study Objectives for Chapter 11 -- Cell Communication

1. Why is cell communication important?

2. Describe how yeast use chemical signals in mating.

3. What is a signal-transduction pathway?

4. What is the difference between local regulators and hormones?

5. What are the three stages of cell signaling?

6. Understand the process of reception and the role of the ligand (also, what's a ligand?).

7. What are the three major types of membrane receptors?

8. Describe how G-protein-linked receptors work. In what "real-life" situations are they used?

9. Describe how Tyrosine-kinase receptors work. In what "real-life" situations are they used?

10. Describe how Ligand-gated ion channel receptors work. In what "real-life" situations are they used?

11. What are the two major types of transduction pathways?

12. Describe protein phosphorylation.

13. What is a second messenger, and what are two examples?

14. Understand what functions protein kinases, protein phosphatases, cAMP, and denylyl cyclase perform.

15. What are four different types of cell responses to transduction pathways?