Chapter 16, 18 & 21 Objectives for Biology 111

1. Know difference between heterochromatin and euchromatin. (16)

2. Describe tandemly repetitive (satellite) DNA. (21) What are the three types?

3. Describe how microsatellite DNA plays a role in Fragile X syndrome and Huntington's disease. (21)

4. Describe interspersed repetitive DNA. (21) What are Alu elements?

5. What is a multigene family? How is it thought that multigene families evolved? (21)

6. Give an example of identical repeats and nonidentical repeats in multigene families. (21)

7. What is a pseudogene? (21)

8. What is gene amplification? (21) Give examples.

9. Describe how transposons occur in eukaryotic DNA. (21)

10. Describe how retrotransposons work.(21)

11. Name and describe five methods of control in genetic expression in eukaryotic DNA. (18)

12. What is genomic imprinting? (18)

13. What are enhancers? activators? transcription factors? (18)

14. What are the roles of oncogenes, proto-oncogenes, and tumor-suppressor genes in cancer? (18)

15. Give an example of an oncogene and how it works. (18)

16. Give an example of a tumor-suppressor gene and how it works.(18)

17. Give examples of genes that cause colorectal cancer and breast cancer.(18)