Biology 111 Study Objectives – Chapters 24 & 25

1. Know what is meant by the following: macroevolution, speciation, anagenesis, cladogenesis.

2. Describe how speciation occurs.

3. Describe the prezygotic and postzygotic barriers that cause genetic isolation. Be able to give examples of each kind of barrier.

4. What are some problems with the biological species concept?

5. What is the difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation? Which type of speciation occurred most frequently in animals? in plants?

6. What is adaptive radiation?

7. What is polyploidy? autopolyploid? allopolyploid?

8. Compare and contrast the two models of evolutionary change: gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

9. Describe how evolutionary novelties can occur.

10. What is phylogeny? systematics?

11. Compare and contrast relative dating and radiometric dating.

12. What are the major eras of the geologic time scale? Give an example of a significant event that occurred during each era.

13. What conditions are necessary for fossilization?

14. Describe continental drift and how it relates to phylogeny.

15. Describe the major extinction events (Permian & Cretaceous) in evolutionary history, and how adaptive radiation occurred after them.

16. Know the classification scheme of organisms: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.

17. What is the difference between convergent evolution and divergent evolution? homology and analogy?