Biology 111 Sample Final Exam Questions

Definitions:

1. capsid-

2. vaccine-

3. pseudogene-

4. oncogene-

5. DNA ligase-

6. transgenic organism-

7. evolution-

8. ontology-

9. genetic drift-

10. species-

11. anagenesis-

12. allopatric speciation-

Multiple choice.

1. Phages are:

a. bacteria that attack humans

b. bacteria that attack viruses

c. viruses that attack bacteria

d. proteins that cause "mad cow disease"

e. none of the above

2. The enzyme used by retroviruses to make DNA from RNA is called:

a. DNA ligase

b. retrotransposase

c. reverse transcriptase

d. b-galactosidase

e. none of the above

3. A plasmid that codes for the production of a sex-pilus is called a(n):

a. A-plasmid

b. F-plasmid

c. R-plasmid

d. S-plasmid

e. none of the above

4. DNA that is "wound" around histones is called:

a. multigene DNA

b. microsatellite DNA

c. proto-oncogene DNA

d. euchromatin DNA

e. heterochromatin DNA

5. Transposons are segments of DNA that:

a. move from one place to another on the genome.

b. code for the production of viruses

c. always contain genes for cancer

d. all of the above

e. none of the above

6. When a restriction enzyme makes a "cut" like the following: G AATTC

CTTAA G

it is said that it produces:

a. blunt-ends

b. sticky-ends

c. flagging-ends

d. ligated-ends

e. none of the above

7. If a small amount of DNA is found at a crime scene, _____ can be used to make multiple copies of it.

a. RFLP

b. PCR

c. RPR

d. MSD

e. none of the above

8. Which of the following has occurred due to recombinant DNA technology?

a. human genes have been inserted into sheep

b. human insulin is being made by bacteria

c. oil-slick "eating" bacteria have been produced

d. all of the above

e. none of the above

9. The p53 gene has been associated with:

a. the production of insulin

b. the production of clotting factor 9

c. cancer

d. premature aging

e. none of the above

10. The inheritance of acquired characteristics was an idea proposed by:

a. Charles Lyell

b. Charles Darwin

c. Jean Baptiste Lamarck

d. Alfred Wallace

e. none of the above

11. Which of the following is included in Darwin's theory of natural selection?

a. Organisms attempt to become more "perfect" by changing themselves to adapt to their environment.

b. Organisms pass on changes they have acquired in their lifetime to their offspring.

c. Organisms with favorable traits tend to survive and pass on these traits to their offspring.

d. all of the above

e. none of the above

12. Structures that two organisms possess that imply that they both came from a common ancestor are called ______ structures.

a. vestigial

b. homologous

c. analogous

d. all of the above

e. none of the above

13. Random genetic changes that occur in small populations contribute to the evolutionary force called:

a. gene flow

b. genetic drift

c. natural selection

d. all of the above

e. none of the above

14. In the Hardy-Weinberg equation p² + 2pq + q² = 1, "p²" is:

a. the frequency of heterozygous individuals in a population

b. the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals in a population

c. the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals in a population

d. the frequency of mutated individuals in a population

e. none of the above

15. When an intermediate trait is an advantage and is selected for, we call this:

a. stabilizing selection

b. directional selection

c. diversifying selection

d. all of the above

e. none of the above

16. Which of the following is a prezygotic barrier that causes genetic isolation?

a. reduced hybrid fertility

b. reduced hybrid viability

c. habitat isolation

d. all of the above

e. none of the above

17. When speciation occurs due to geographic barriers, we call it ____ speciation.

a. systematic

b. permian

c. cretaceous

d. sympatric

e. allopatric

18. The dinosaurs became extinct at the end of the ____ period.

a. Jurassic

b. Permian

c. Cretaceous

d. Triassic

e. Cenozoic

Short Answer Questions:

1. What conditions are necessary for the Hardy-Weinberg Theorem to be correct?

2. Compare and contrast the gradualism model of evolution with that of punctuated equilibrium.

3. Describe the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage.

4. Describe how retrotransposons work.

5. Describe how you would put an eukaryotic gene into a bacterium.

6. Describe the theory of natural selection.